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Table 4 Multi-level model: predicted relations between conditions and outcomes (correlations), associations between applied changes and the conditions and outcomes (fixed effects) and variance components at three levels (random effects)

From: Exploring the black box of quality improvement collaboratives: modelling relations between conditions, applied changes and outcomes

 

Organisational support

Team organisation

External support

Perceived success

Performance indicator

Correlations

     

Organisational support

-

    

Team organisation

0.37c

-

   

External support

0.25b

0.21a

-

  

Perceived support

0.30b

0.29b

0.08

-

 

Performance indicator

-0.19

0.14

-0.05

-0.08

-

Fixed effects

Estimate (SE)

Estimate (SE)

Estimate (SE)

Estimate (SE)

Estimate (SE)

(Intercept)

-0.45 (0.16)b

-0.11 (0.18)

-0.69 (0.17)c

5.57 (0.31)c

2.03 (0.21)c

Applied changes

0.12 (0.04)c

0.04 (0.04)

0.19 (0.04)c

0.31 (0.07)c

0.09 (0.05)a

Random effects

     

Intercept variance at:

Estimate (SE)

Estimate (SE)

Estimate (SE)

Estimate (SE)

Estimate (SE)

- level one (team)

0.69 (0.08)c

0.86 (0.11)c

0.75 (0.08)c

2.01 (0.29)c

0.62 (0.11)c

- level two (QIC)

0.00 (0.00)

0.07 (0.06)

0.03 (0.04)

0.42 (0.23)b

0.15 (0.09)b

- level three (hospital)

0.15 (0.07)a

0.06 (0.05)

0.08 (0.06)

0.04 (0.12)

0.00 (0.05)

Percentage of variance at:

     

- level one (team)

82%

87%

87%

81%

81%

- level two (QIC)

0%

7%

3%

17%

19%

- level three (hospital)

18%

6%

9%

2%

0%

  1. a p < 0.05; b p < 0.01; c p < 0.001
  2. Note: teams are nested in QICs and hospitals (Figure 2)