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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the MHealthy: focus on diabetes sample

From: A controlled trial of value-based insurance design – The MHealthy: Focus on Diabetes (FOD) trial

Characteristics

Reduced Co-payments (Intervention)

Standard Co-payments (Control)

Number of respondents enrolled

2,507

8,637

Mean age in years (SD)

45.1 (13.06)

47.5 (12.83)*

Female

57.7%

53.1%*

Basis for insurance coverage

  

   Employee

62.3%

66.3%*

   Spouse

31.1%

29.1%

   Child

4.7%

4.0%

   Other

1.9%

0.6%

Median Household Income

$55,086

$54,758

Charlson Comorbidity Score (SD)

1.43 (0.65)

1.46 (0.69)

Baseline Medication Utilization

  

   Metformin

53.9%

53.6%

   ACE/ARBs

43.4%

48.7%*

   Statins

44.7%

44.5%

   SSRIs

21.7%

18.9%*

  1. *Significant at P < 0.05
  2. Based-upon zip-code level median household income data
  3. Estimates based on the Deyo modification to the Charlson Index [40].