Table 1 Summary of development and refinement steps of PARiHS framework
Phase 1: Development and Concept Analysis 1998 – 2002 | |
|---|---|
Origins | - Emerged from working with clinicians in helping them to improve practice, introduce new ideas and implement guidelines. |
Main Attributes | - Successful implementation of new ideas (evidence, guidelines, etc.) is a function of the interrelations between three key elements – evidence, context, facilitation: SI = f (E, C, F) |
Face Validity | - 4 research studies were analysed retrospectively to test the hypothesis that SI = f (E, C, F). - Strong face validity. |
Construct Validity | - Assumption that Evidence, Context and Facilitation as described are discrete and interdependent and can be manipulated in a purposeful way. |
Refinement | - Need to undertake detailed concept analysis of each of the elements and sub-elements (E, C, F). |
Future Action | - Concept analysis and empirical testing. |
Publications | - [4-7] |
Phase 2: Empirical Case Studies 2001–2003 | |
Main Research Questions | - What factors do practitioners identify as the most important in enabling implementation of evidence into practice? - Do concepts of evidence, context and facilitation constitute the key elements of a framework for getting research into practice? |
Refinement | - Important additions to evidence – information from local context; resources, physical and political influences in context. - Experience of facilitators on the ground with very little, limited support. |
Future Action | - Further testing through larger scale empirical enquiry testing the checklist and developing an evaluation tool. |
Publications | - [5, 8] |
Phase 3: Development of Diagnostic/Evaluation Tool 2003 – Present | |
Main Research Questions | - Is it possible to develop a diagnostic and evaluative tool to measure the successful implementation of new ideas (evidence, innovation) into practice using the PARiHS framework? |
Refinement | - Pre-test diagnostic phase |
|  |    • Summary scores for evidence and context (E, C) |
|  |    • Narrative summary |
|  |    • Information on prototypes of facilitation approaches |
| Â | - The facilitation process |
| Â | - The post test evaluation |
|  |    • Re-plot summary scores for E + C |
|  |    • Narrative summary |
|  |    • Evaluation of facilitation approach |