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Table 1 Predicting behaviour by psychological theory: descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression analyses.

From: Applying psychological theories to evidence-based clinical practice: Identifying factors predictive of managing upper respiratory tract infections without antibiotics

Theoretical framework

Predictive Constructs

N

Alpha

Mean

(SD)

r

Beta

R2(adj)

df

F

Theory of Planned Behaviour (a)

Attitude direct

3

0.54

8.7

(2.8)

0.136*

    
 

Attitude indirect

7

0.56

148.7

(35.7)

0.012

    
 

Subjective Norm

3

0.68

50.2

(18.8)

-0.103

    
 

Intention

3

0.68

6.5

(2.5)

0.193**

0.147*

   
 

PBC direct

4

0.70

17.0

(4.5)

-0.113

-0.013***

   
 

PBC power

7

0.86

24.4

(6.6)

0.171*

0.1**

0.033

3, 215

3.5*

Social Cognitive Theory

Risk perception

3

0.61

8.8

(2.8)

0.179**

0.183*

   
 

Outcome expectancies (self)

2

0.80

36.1

(15.0)

-0.052

-0.103

   
 

Outcome expectancies (behaviour)

7

0.56

18.5

(4.5)

-0.03

-0.133*

   
 

Self-efficacy

6

0.88

35.9

(11.1)

0.175**

0.155

   
 

Generalised self-efficacy

10

0.85

28.6

(3.6)

-0.005

0.045

0.049

5, 208

3.2**

Implementation Intention

Action Planning

-

 

2.9

(1.7)

0.169*

0.0169*

0.024

1, 220

6.4

Operant Learning Theory

Anticipated consequences

3

0.61

8.8

(2.8)

0.179**

0.087

   
 

Evidence of habitual behaviour

2

0.70

4.7

(2.1)

0.253***

0.218**

0.063

2, 216

8.3***

Common Sense Self-regulation Model

Identity of condition

2

0.57

7.4

(2.0)

-0.013

-0.019

   
 

Time (acute/chronic)

1

 

3.6

(1.2)

0.036

-0.056

   
 

Time (cyclical)

1

 

3.7

(1.3)

0.088

0.022

   
 

Control (by treatment)

2

0.27

5.6

(1.9)

0.097

0.181*

   
 

Control (by patient)

2

0.57

9.5

(2.2)

0.061

0.193*

   
 

Control (by doctor)

2

0.60

8.1

(2.4)

-0.01

-0.016

   
 

Cause: social contact

1

 

5.2

(1.0)

-0.121

-0.127

   
 

Cause: viral prevalence

1

 

5.5

(0.9)

-0.011

0.055

   
 

Cause: stress

1

 

3.7

(1.4)

-0.128

-0.105

   
 

Cause: air travel

1

 

4.7

(1.2)

-0.095

-0.018

   
 

Cause: chance/bad luck

1

 

4.3

(1.5)

-0.133*

-0.162*

   
 

Consequence

2

0.34

8.0

(3.0)

0.003

-0.047

   
 

Coherence

2

0.67

11.1

(1.8)

0.049

0.005

   
 

Emotional Response

4

0.63

9.6

(3.7)

0.102

0.111

0.028

14, 191

1.4

Other

Knowledge

5

0.00

2.9

(0.9)

-0.057

-0.057

0.000

1, 222

0.717

  1. *p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001.
  2. (a) Only intention and perceived behavioural control measures are entered into the regression equation as only these constructs are the proximal predictors of behaviour in this model.
  3. Alpha = Cronbach's Alpha; r = Pearson product moment correlation coefficient; Beta = standardised regression coefficients; - = single question measure.